Mood disorder

What is a mood disorder?

A mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily affects a person's persistent emotional state. The two main types of mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.

Depression involves long-lasting feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest. People with depression may have trouble carrying out daily activities and may have thoughts of death or suicide. There are several types of depressive disorders:

• Major depressive disorder: Severe and persistent depression with loss of interest and joy


• Persistent depressive disorder: Depression that lasts for at least two years


• Postpartum depression: Depression after giving birth


• Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): Depression symptoms triggered by seasonal changes, typically winter

Bipolar disorder causes extreme mood swings between episodes of extreme highs (mania) and lows (depression). The manic phase may involve increased energy, impulsiveness, and risky behavior.

What causes mood disorders? There are often multiple contributing factors, including:

• Brain chemistry imbalances - Changes in neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine


• Hormone changes - Such as postpartum drops in estrogen and progesterone


• Trauma or stressful life events


• Genetics and family history

Effective mood disorder treatments may include:

• Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)


• Medications like antidepressants, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics


• Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)


• Light therapy


• Exercise and good sleep habits


• Stress management and support groups

With proper diagnosis and adherence to treatment, many people with mood disorders can achieve significant symptom relief and improved wellbeing. Don't lose hope!