Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to an increased risk of fractures, typically in the hip, spine and wrist.
Some key facts about osteoporosis:
- It is often called a "silent disease" as there are usually no symptoms until a fracture occurs
- It affects approximately 200 million women worldwide
- Women account for about 80% of cases due to accelerated bone loss at menopause
- Major risk factors include family history, being female, old age, low calcium intake, vitamin D deficiency, and smoking
Some common questions about osteoporosis:
What causes osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone formation. As we age, bone breakdown overtakes bone building, leading to bone loss. In women, estrogen decline at menopause accelerates this process.
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Osteoporosis is diagnosed with a
bone mineral density (BMD) test. This test uses X-rays to measure bone loss. If your BMD score is 2.5 standard deviations or more below that of a healthy 30 year old adult, you are diagnosed with osteoporosis.
How is osteoporosis treated?
- Weight-bearing exercise can help build bone density
- Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is important
- Various medications can treat bone loss and reduce fracture risk:
- Bisphosphonates like Fosamax and Actonel
- RANK ligand inhibitors like Prolia
- Estrogen therapy
I hope this overview on osteoporosis gives you a better understanding of this "silent disease". Please let me know if you have any other questions! Osteoporosis may be common, but it doesn't have to be inevitable.